People {militant} can belong to ideological groups or be political agitators.
People {moderate} can be pragmatic and reasonable negotiators.
People {radical, person} {extremist} can advocate swift and violent change.
Objective or traditional standards exist for living {conservatism}|. People cannot and should not freely choose their style and behavior.
Individuals, and their freedoms and purposes, can be more important than states {liberalism}| {liberal democracy}.
principles
No objective standards for living exist, except to allow others equal freedom. People can freely choose styles and behaviors. Human autonomy is itself worthy. Freedom leads to the most experimentation and so to truth, while restriction only leads to pain and conflict. Forcing people to live certain ways is against psychology and causes revolt, but freedom brings tolerance.
requirements
Liberalism requires ability to choose, education, freedom, available choices, diverse society, virtue, and fulfillment of duties based on sacrifice, not on social bonds.
effects
Liberalism can erode family and community. Liberalism can promote associations that are good for people, rather than only traditional.
history
Liberalism began when state separated from church and allowed religious freedom and later other freedoms. As societies became more diverse, they removed controls from unregulatable things. Liberalism arose as capitalism, competition, markets, and individual consumers replaced community structures and their mutual obligations, caste systems, totalitarianism, and religious values.
People can want to return to previous ideals and practices {fundamentalism, politics}. Fundamentalism can be reaction to complexity and control loss. Revulsion over immorality, excess, and overbearingness can cause it. Need to maintain tradition to preserve personal, group, or national identity can cause it. Believing that people are bad and need controls can cause it. It can be a way to endure poverty.
Violent fundamentalism is not the same as fundamentalism. Violence is about power, insults to dignity, and desecration.
National identity can be the highest political and moral good {chauvinism, feeling}|, so nation has no limits relative to other nations.
Political-system members can feel national pride, and loyalty to nation {nationalism} {patriotism}|. Citizens defend and uphold nation. Perhaps, national character, built from shared language, religion, culture, and history, exists. Nationalism puts nation as highest good or object.
Communication networks and trade networks contribute to patriotism. Patriotism increases during wars over boundaries or in defense. Stronger central government favors patriotism. Educational system, one language, and one culture tend to increase patriotism.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225